NEW QUESTION 1

At what stage of the applications development process should the security department become involved?

• A. Prior to the implementation
• B. Prior to systems testing
• C. During unit testing
• D. During requirements development

Answer: D

Explanation:
Source: TIPTON, Hal, (ISC)2, Introduction to the CISSP Exam presentation.

NEW QUESTION 2

Which of the following is not a responsibility of an information (data) owner?

• A. Determine what level of classification the information requires.
• B. Periodically review the classification assignments against business needs.
• C. Delegate the responsibility of data protection to data custodians.
• D. Running regular backups and periodically testing the validity of the backup data.

Answer: D

Explanation:
This responsibility would be delegated to a data custodian rather than being performed directly by the information owner.
"Determine what level of classification the information requires" is incorrect. This is one of the major responsibilities of an information owner.
"Periodically review the classification assignments against business needs" is incorrect. This is one of the major responsibilities of an information owner.
"Delegates responsibility of maintenance of the data protection mechanisms to the data custodian" is incorrect. This is a responsibility of the information owner.
References: CBK p. 105.
AIO3, p. 53-54, 960

NEW QUESTION 3

Which protocol is used to send email?

• A. File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
• B. Post Office Protocol (POP).
• C. Network File System (NFS).
• D. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).

Answer: D

Explanation:
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol for sending e-mail messages between servers. POP is a protocol used to retrieve e-mail from a mail server. NFS is a TCP/IP client/server application developed by Sun that enables different types of file systems to interoperate regardless of operating system or network architecture. FTP is the protocol that is used to facilitate file transfer between two machines.
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 88.

NEW QUESTION 4

Which access control model was proposed for enforcing access control in government and military applications?

• A. Bell-LaPadula model
• B. Biba model
• C. Sutherland model
• D. Brewer-Nash model

Answer: A

Explanation:
The Bell-LaPadula model, mostly concerned with confidentiality, was proposed for enforcing access control in government and military applications. It supports mandatory access control by determining the access rights from the security levels associated with subjects and objects. It also supports discretionary access control by checking access rights from an access matrix. The Biba model, introduced in 1977, the Sutherland model, published in 1986, and the Brewer-Nash model, published in 1989, are concerned with integrity.
Source: ANDRESS, Mandy, Exam Cram CISSP, Coriolis, 2001, Chapter 2: Access Control Systems and Methodology (page 11).

NEW QUESTION 5

Which of the following statements is true about data encryption as a method of protecting data?

• A. It should sometimes be used for password files
• B. It is usually easily administered
• C. It makes few demands on system resources
• D. It requires careful key management

Answer: D

Explanation:
In cryptography, you always assume the "bad guy" has the encryption algorithm (indeed, many algorithms such as DES, Triple DES, AES, etc. are public domain). What the bad guy lacks is the key used to complete that algorithm and encrypt/decrypt information. Therefore, protection of the key, controlled distribution, scheduled key change, timely destruction, and several other factors require careful consideration. All of these factors are covered under the umbrella term of "key management".
Another significant consideration is the case of "data encryption as a method of protecting data" as the question states. If that data is to be stored over a long period of time (such as on backup), you must ensure that your key management scheme stores old keys for as long as they will be needed to decrypt the information they encrypted.
The other answers are not correct because:
"It should sometimes be used for password files." - Encryption is often used to encrypt passwords stored within password files, but it is not typically effective for the password file itself. On most systems, if a user cannot access the contents of a password file, they cannot authenticate. Encrypting the entire file prevents that access.
"It is usually easily administered." - Developments over the last several years have made cryptography significantly easier to manage and administer. But it remains a significant challenge. This is not a good answer.
"It makes few demands on system resources." - Cryptography is, essentially, a large complex mathematical algorithm. In order to encrypt and decrypt information, the system must perform this algorithm hundreds, thousands, or even millions/billions/trillions of times. This becomes system resource intensive, making this a very bad answer.
Reference:
Official ISC2 Guide page: 266 (poor explanation)
All in One Third Edition page: 657 (excellent explanation) Key Management - Page 732, All in One Fourth Edition

NEW QUESTION 6

How can an individual/person best be identified or authenticated to prevent local masquarading attacks?

• A. UserId and password
• B. Smart card and PIN code
• C. Two-factor authentication
• D. Biometrics

Answer: D

Explanation:
The only way to be truly positive in authenticating identity for access is to base the authentication on the physical attributes of the persons themselves (i.e., biometric
identification). Physical attributes cannot be shared, borrowed, or duplicated. They ensure that you do identify the person, however they are not perfect and they would have to be supplemented by another factor.
Some people are getting thrown off by the term Masquarade. In general, a masquerade is a disguise. In terms of communications security issues, a masquerade is a type of attack where the attacker pretends to be an authorized user of a system in order to gain access to it or to gain greater privileges than they are authorized for. A masquerade may be attempted through the use of stolen logon IDs and passwords, through finding security gaps in programs, or through bypassing the authentication mechanism. Spoofing is another term used to describe this type of attack as well.
A UserId only provides for identification.
A password is a weak authentication mechanism since passwords can be disclosed, shared, written down, and more.
A smart card can be stolen and its corresponding PIN code can be guessed by an intruder. A smartcard can be borrowed by a friend of yours and you would have no clue as to who is really logging in using that smart card.
Any form of two-factor authentication not involving biometrics cannot be as reliable as a biometric system to identify the person.
Biometric identifying verification systems control people. If the person with the correct hand, eye, face, signature, or voice is not present, the identification and verification cannot take place and the desired action (i.e., portal passage, data, or resource access) does not occur.
As has been demonstrated many times, adversaries and criminals obtain and successfully use access cards, even those that require the addition of a PIN. This is because these systems control only pieces of plastic (and sometimes information), rather than people. Real asset and resource protection can only be accomplished by people, not cards and information, because unauthorized persons can (and do) obtain the cards and information.
Further, life-cycle costs are significantly reduced because no card or PIN administration system or personnel are required. The authorized person does not lose physical characteristics (i.e., hands, face, eyes, signature, or voice), but cards and PINs are continuously lost, stolen, or forgotten. This is why card access systems require systems and people to administer, control, record, and issue (new) cards and PINs. Moreover, the cards are an expensive and recurring cost.
NOTE FROM CLEMENT:
This question has been generating lots of interest. The keyword in the question is: Individual (the person) and also the authenticated portion as well.
I totally agree with you that Two Factors or Strong Authentication would be the strongest means of authentication. However the question is not asking what is the strongest mean of authentication, it is asking what is the best way to identify the user (individual) behind the technology. When answering questions do not make assumptions to facts not presented in the question or answers.
Nothing can beat Biometrics in such case. You cannot lend your fingerprint and pin to someone else, you cannot borrow one of my eye balls to defeat the Iris or Retina scan. This is why it is the best method to authenticate the user.
I think the reference is playing with semantics and that makes it a bit confusing. I have improved the question to make it a lot clearer and I have also improve the explanations attached with the question.
The reference mentioned above refers to authenticating the identity for access. So the distinction is being made that there is identity and there is authentication. In the case of physical security the enrollment process is where the identity of the user would be validated and then the biometrics features provided by the user would authenticate the user on a one to one matching basis (for authentication) with the reference contained in the database of biometrics templates. In the case of system access, the user might have to provide a username, a pin, a passphrase, a smart card, and then provide his biometric attributes.
Biometric can also be used for Identification purpose where you do a one to many match. You take a facial scan of someone within an airport and you attempt to match it with a large database of known criminal and terrorists. This is how you could use biometric for Identification.
There are always THREE means of authentication, they are: Something you know (Type 1)
Something you have (Type 2)
Something you are (Type 3)
Reference(s) used for this question:
TIPTON, Harold F. & KRAUSE, Micki, Information Security Management Handbook, 4th edition (volume 1) , 2000, CRC Press, Chapter 1, Biometric Identification (page 7).
and
Search Security at http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/masquerade

NEW QUESTION 7

What is the name of the protocol use to set up and manage Security Associations (SA) for IP Security (IPSec)?

• A. Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
• B. Secure Key Exchange Mechanism
• C. Oakley
• D. Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol

Answer: A

Explanation:
The Key management for IPSec is called the Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
Note: IKE underwent a series of improvements establishing IKEv2 with RFC 4306. The basis of this answer is IKEv2.
The IKE protocol is a hybrid of three other protocols: ISAKMP (Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol), Oakley and SKEME. ISAKMP provides a framework for authentication and key exchange, but does not define them (neither authentication nor key exchange). The Oakley protocol describes a series of modes for key exchange and the SKEME protocol defines key exchange techniques.
IKE??Internet Key Exchange. A hybrid protocol that implements Oakley and Skeme key exchanges inside the ISAKMP framework. IKE can be used with other protocols, but its initial implementation is with the IPSec protocol. IKE provides authentication of the IPSec peers, negotiates IPSec keys, and negotiates IPSec security associations.
IKE is implemented in accordance with RFC 2409, The Internet Key Exchange.
The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) security protocol is a key management protocol standard that is used in conjunction with the IPSec standard. IPSec can be configured without IKE, but IKE enhances IPSec by providing additional features, flexibility, and ease of configuration for the IPSec standard.
IKE is a hybrid protocol that implements the Oakley key exchange and the SKEME key
exchange inside the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) framework. (ISAKMP, Oakley, and SKEME are security protocols implemented by IKE.)
IKE automatically negotiates IPSec security associations (SAs) and enables IPSec secure communications without costly manual preconfiguration. Specifically, IKE provides these benefits:
•Eliminates the need to manually specify all the IPSec security parameters in the crypto maps at both peers.
•Allows you to specify a lifetime for the IPSec security association.
•Allows encryption keys to change during IPSec sessions.
•Allows IPSec to provide anti-replay services.
•Permits certification authority (CA) support for a manageable, scalable IPSec implementation.
•Allows dynamic authentication of peers.
About ISAKMP
The Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP) is a framework that defines the phases for establishing a secure relationship and support for negotiation of security attributes, it does not establish sessions keys by itself, it is used along with the Oakley session key establishment protocol. The Secure Key Exchange Mechanism (SKEME) describes a secure exchange mechanism and Oakley defines the modes of operation needed to establish a secure connection.
ISAKMP provides a framework for Internet key management and provides the specific protocol support for negotiation of security attributes. Alone, it does not establish session keys. However it can be used with various session key establishment protocols, such as Oakley, to provide a complete solution to Internet key management.
About Oakley
The Oakley protocol uses a hybrid Diffie-Hellman technique to establish session keys on Internet hosts and routers. Oakley provides the important security property of Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) and is based on cryptographic techniques that have survived substantial public scrutiny. Oakley can be used by itself, if no attribute negotiation is needed, or Oakley can be used in conjunction with ISAKMP. When ISAKMP is used with Oakley, key escrow is not feasible.
The ISAKMP and Oakley protocols have been combined into a hybrid protocol. The resolution of ISAKMP with Oakley uses the framework of ISAKMP to support a subset of Oakley key exchange modes. This new key exchange protocol provides optional PFS, full
security association attribute negotiation, and authentication methods that provide both repudiation and non-repudiation. Implementations of this protocol can be used to establish VPNs and also allow for users from remote sites (who may have a dynamically allocated IP address) access to a secure network.
About IPSec
The IETF's IPSec Working Group develops standards for IP-layer security mechanisms for both IPv4 and IPv6. The group also is developing generic key management protocols for use on the Internet. For more information, refer to the IP Security and Encryption Overview.
IPSec is a framework of open standards developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) that provides security for transmission of sensitive information over unprotected networks such as the Internet. It acts at the network level and implements the following standards:
IPSec
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Data Encryption Standard (DES) MD5 (HMAC variant)
SHA (HMAC variant) Authentication Header (AH)
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
IPSec services provide a robust security solution that is standards-based. IPSec also provides data authentication and anti-replay services in addition to data confidentiality services.
For more information regarding IPSec, refer to the chapter "Configuring IPSec Network Security."
About SKEME
SKEME constitutes a compact protocol that supports a variety of realistic scenarios and security models over Internet. It provides clear tradeoffs between security and performance as required by the different scenarios without incurring in unnecessary system complexity. The protocol supports key exchange based on public key, key distribution centers, or manual installation, and provides for fast and secure key refreshment. In addition, SKEME selectively provides perfect forward secrecy, allows for replaceability and negotiation of the underlying cryptographic primitives, and addresses privacy issues as anonymity and repudiatability
SKEME's basic mode is based on the use of public keys and a Diffie-Hellman shared secret generation.
However, SKEME is not restricted to the use of public keys, but also allows the use of a pre-shared key. This key can be obtained by manual distribution or by the intermediary of a key distribution center (KDC) such as Kerberos.
In short, SKEME contains four distinct modes:
Basic mode, which provides a key exchange based on public keys and ensures PFS thanks to Diffie-Hellman.
A key exchange based on the use of public keys, but without Diffie-Hellman. A key exchange based on the use of a pre-shared key and on Diffie-Hellman. A mechanism of fast rekeying based only on symmetrical algorithms.
In addition, SKEME is composed of three phases: SHARE, EXCH and AUTH.
During the SHARE phase, the peers exchange half-keys, encrypted with their respective public keys. These two half-keys are used to compute a secret key K. If anonymity is wanted, the identities of the two peers are also encrypted. If a shared secret already exists, this phase is skipped.
The exchange phase (EXCH) is used, depending on the selected mode, to exchange either Diffie-Hellman public values or nonces. The Diffie-Hellman shared secret will only be computed after the end of the exchanges.
The public values or nonces are authenticated during the authentication phase (AUTH), using the secret key established during the SHARE phase.
The messages from these three phases do not necessarily follow the order described above; in actual practice they are combined to minimize the number of exchanged messages.
References used for this question:
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 4: Cryptography (page 172).
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4306 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4301 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Key_Exchange
CISCO ISAKMP and OAKLEY information
CISCO Configuring Internet Key Exchange Protocol http://www.hsc.fr/ressources/articles/ipsec-tech/index.html.en

NEW QUESTION 8

What assesses potential loss that could be caused by a disaster?

• A. The Business Assessment (BA)
• B. The Business Impact Analysis (BIA)
• C. The Risk Assessment (RA)
• D. The Business Continuity Plan (BCP)

Answer: B

Explanation:
The Business Assessment is divided into two components. Risk Assessment (RA) and Business Impact Analysis (BIA). Risk Assessment is designed to evaluate existing exposures from the organization's environment, whereas the BIA assesses
potential loss that could be caused by a disaster. The Business Continuity Plan's goal is to reduce the risk of financial loss by improving the ability to recover and restore operations efficiently and effectively.
Source: BARNES, James C. & ROTHSTEIN, Philip J., A Guide to Business Continuity Planning, John Wiley & Sons, 2001 (page 57).
And: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 8: Business Continuity Planning and Disaster Recovery Planning (page 276).

NEW QUESTION 9

Which of the following is true about link encryption?

• A. Each entity has a common key with the destination node.
• B. Encrypted messages are only decrypted by the final node.
• C. This mode does not provide protection if anyone of the nodes along the transmission path is compromised.
• D. Only secure nodes are used in this type of transmission.

Answer: C

Explanation:
In link encryption, each entity has keys in common with its two neighboring nodes in the transmission chain.
Thus, a node receives the encrypted message from its predecessor, decrypts it, and then re-encrypts it with a new key, common to the successor node. Obviously, this mode does not provide protection if anyone of the nodes along the transmission path is compromised.
Encryption can be performed at different communication levels, each with different types of protection and implications. Two general modes of encryption implementation are link encryption and end-to-end encryption.
Link encryption encrypts all the data along a specific communication path, as in a satellite link, T3 line, or telephone circuit. Not only is the user information encrypted, but the header, trailers, addresses, and routing data that are part of the packets are also encrypted. The only traffic not encrypted in this technology is the data link control messaging information, which includes instructions and parameters that the different link devices use to synchronize communication methods. Link encryption provides protection against packet sniffers and eavesdroppers.
In end-to-end encryption, the headers, addresses, routing, and trailer information are not encrypted, enabling attackers to learn more about a captured packet and where it is headed.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Harris, Shon (2012-10-25). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (pp. 845-846). McGraw-Hill.
And:
KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 4: Cryptography (page 132).

NEW QUESTION 10

Which of the following is the MOST important aspect relating to employee termination?

• A. The details of employee have been removed from active payroll files.
• B. Company property provided to the employee has been returned.
• C. User ID and passwords of the employee have been deleted.
• D. The appropriate company staff are notified about the termination.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Even though Logical access to information by a terminated employee is possible if the ID and password of the terminated employee has not been deleted this is only one part of the termination procedures. If user ID is not disabled or deleted, it could be possible for the employee without physical access to visit the companies networks remotely and gain access to the information.
Please note that this can also be seen in a different way: the most important thing to do could also be to inform others of the person's termination, because even if user ID's and passwords are deleted, a terminated individual could simply socially engineer their way back in by calling an individual he/she used to work with and ask them for access. He could
intrude on the facility or use other weaknesses to gain access to information after he has been terminated.
By notifying the appropriate company staff about the termination, they would in turn intitiate account termination, ask the employee to return company property, and all credentials would be withdrawn for the individual concerned. This answer is more complete than simply disabling account.
It seems harsh and cold when this actually takes place , but too many companies have been hurt by vengeful employees who have lashed out at the company when their positions were revoked for one reason or another. If an employee is disgruntled in any way, or the termination is unfriendly, that employee??s accounts should be disabled right away, and all passwords on all systems changed.
For your exam you should know the information below: Employee Termination Processes
Employees join and leave organizations every day. The reasons vary widely, due to
retirement,reduction in force, layoffs, termination with or without cause, relocation to another city, careeropportunities with other employers, or involuntary transfers. Terminations may be friendly or unfriendly and will need different levels of care as a result.
Friendly Terminations
Regular termination is when there is little or no evidence or reason to believe that the termination is not agreeable to both the company and the employee. A standard set of procedures, typically maintained by the human resources department, governs the dismissal of the terminated employee to ensure that company property is returned, and all access is removed. These procedures may include exit interviews and return of keys, identification cards, badges, tokens, and cryptographic keys. Other property, such as laptops, cable locks, credit cards, and phone cards, are also collected. The user manager notifies the security department of the termination to ensure that access is revoked for all platforms and facilities. Some facilities choose to immediately delete the accounts, while others choose to disable the accounts for a policy defined period, for example, 30 days, to account for changes or extensions in the final termination date. The termination process should include a conversation with the departing associate about their continued responsibility for confidentiality of information.
Unfriendly Terminations
Unfriendly terminations may occur when the individual is fired, involuntarily transferred, laid off,or when the organization has reason to believe that the individual has the means and
intention to potentially cause harm to the system. Individuals with technical skills and higher levels of access, such as the systems administrators, computer programmers, database administrators, or any individual with elevated privileges, may present higher risk to the environment. These individuals could alter files, plant logic bombs to create system file damage at a future date, or remove sensitive information. Other disgruntled users could enter erroneous data into the system that may not be discovered for several months. In these situations, immediate termination of systems access is warranted at the time of termination or prior to notifying the employee of the termination. Managing the people aspect of security, from pre-employment to postemployment, is critical to ensure that trustworthy, competent resources are employed to further the business objectives that will protect company information. Each of these actions contributes to preventive, detective, or corrective personnel controls.
The following answers are incorrect: The other options are less important.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question: CISA review manual 2014 Page number 99
Harris, Shon (2012-10-18). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 129). McGraw- Hill. Kindle Edition.

NEW QUESTION 11

Which layer defines how packets are routed between end systems?

• A. Session layer
• B. Transport layer
• C. Network layer
• D. Data link layer

Answer: C

Explanation:
The network layer (layer 3) defines how packets are routed and relayed between end systems on the same network or on interconnected networks. Message routing, error detection and control of node traffic are managed at this level.
Reference(s) used for this question:
KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 3: Telecommunications and Network Security (page 82).

NEW QUESTION 12

Which of the following protocols does not operate at the data link layer (layer 2)?

• A. PPP
• B. RARP
• C. L2F
• D. ICMP

Answer: D

Explanation:
ICMP is the only of the mentioned protocols to operate at the network layer (layer 3). Other protocols operate at layer 2.
Source: WALLHOFF, John, CBK#2 Telecommunications and Network Security (CISSP Study Guide), April 2002 (page 1).

NEW QUESTION 13

Smart cards are an example of which type of control?

• A. Detective control
• B. Administrative control
• C. Technical control
• D. Physical control

Answer: C

Explanation:
Logical or technical controls involve the restriction of access to systems and the protection of information. Smart cards and encryption are examples of these types of control.
Controls are put into place to reduce the risk an organization faces, and they come in three main flavors: administrative, technical, and physical. Administrative controls are commonly referred to as ??soft controls?? because they are more management-oriented. Examples of administrative controls are security documentation, risk management, personnel security, and training. Technical controls (also called logical controls) are software or hardware components, as in firewalls, IDS, encryption, identification and authentication mechanisms. And physical controls are items put into place to protect facility, personnel, and resources. Examples of physical controls are security guards, locks, fencing, and lighting.
Many types of technical controls enable a user to access a system and the resources within that system. A technical control may be a username and password combination, a Kerberos implementation, biometrics, public key infrastructure (PKI), RADIUS, TACACS +, or authentication using a smart card through a reader connected to a system. These technologies verify the user is who he says he is by using different types of authentication methods. Once a user is properly authenticated, he can be authorized and allowed access to network resources.
Reference(s) used for this question:
Harris, Shon (2012-10-25). CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, 6th Edition (p. 245). McGraw- Hill. Kindle Edition.
and
KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 2: Access control systems (page 32).

NEW QUESTION 14

If an organization were to monitor their employees' e-mail, it should not:

• A. Monitor only a limited number of employees.
• B. Inform all employees that e-mail is being monitored.
• C. Explain who can read the e-mail and how long it is backed up.
• D. Explain what is considered an acceptable use of the e-mail system.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Monitoring has to be conducted is a lawful manner and applied in a consistent fashion; thus should be applied uniformly to all employees, not only to a small number.
Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, Chapter 9: Law, Investigation, and Ethics (page 304).

NEW QUESTION 15

Upon which of the following ISO/OSI layers does network address translation operate?

• A. Transport layer
• B. Session layer
• C. Data link layer
• D. Network layer

Answer: D

Explanation:
Network address translation (NAT) is concerned with IP address translation between two networks and operates at the network layer (layer 3).
Source: HARRIS, Shon, All-In-One CISSP Certification Exam Guide, McGraw- Hill/Osborne, 2002, Chapter 3: Telecommunications and Network Security (page 440).

NEW QUESTION 16

What is RAD?

• A. A development methodology
• B. A project management technique
• C. A measure of system complexity
• D. Risk-assessment diagramming

Answer: A

Explanation:
RAD stands for Rapid Application Development.
RAD is a methodology that enables organizations to develop strategically important systems faster while reducing development costs and maintaining quality.
RAD is a programming system that enables programmers to quickly build working programs.
In general, RAD systems provide a number of tools to help build graphical user interfaces that would normally take a large development effort.
Two of the most popular RAD systems for Windows are Visual Basic and Delphi. Historically, RAD systems have tended to emphasize reducing development time, sometimes at the expense of generating in-efficient executable code. Nowadays, though, many RAD systems produce extremely faster code that is optimized.
Conversely, many traditional programming environments now come with a number of visual tools to aid development. Therefore, the line between RAD systems and other development environments has become blurred.
Reference:
Information Systems Audit and Control Association, Certified Information Systems Auditor 2002 review manual, chapter 6: Business Application System Development, Acquisition, Implementation and Maintenance (page 307)
http://www.webopedia.com

NEW QUESTION 17
......